Atoms are the basic units of matter that are made up of three particles known as subatomic particles. The three subatomic particles that you can find on Atoms are electrons, neutrons, and protons. An atom has no rigid spherical boundary. The center of the atom is called the nucleus and it is made up of neutrons and protons. The electrons orbit around the nucleus. The electrons carry a negative charge and the protons carry a positive charge. Protons and neutrons are heavier than electrons and lie in the nucleus at the center of the atom. Electrons are extremely lightweight and stay in a cloud orbiting the nucleus. Electrons are tiny compared to protons and neutrons. The total distance from the nucleus of an atom (Center of the atom) to the outermost orbital of its electron is known as its atomic radius or atomic radii.
Particles In The Atom And Atomic Radius – Definition And Types
Atomic Radius Or Atomic Radii – Definition And Types
The total distance between the nucleus of an atom to the outermost orbital of its electron is called atomic radius or atomic radii.
A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms. Bond can be formed in the following ways:
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When electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
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When electrons are shared between neighboring atoms.
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When Electrons are shared with all atoms in a material.
and on the basis of the type of bond, the atomic radius can be divided into three types and they are:
- Covalent Radius:- The covalent radius of an atom is the radius of an atom having a covalent bond
- Ionic Radius:- The ionic radius is the radius of an atom having an ionic bond or an ion.
- Metallic Radius:- The metallic radius is the radius of an atom having the metallic bond.
Niels Bohr Atomic Theory
According to the Niels Bohr Atomic Theory, electrons travel in defined circular orbits around the nucleus and electrons can jump from one orbit to another by expelling or absorbing energy.
